Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah.
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October 12, 2015

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Sipapu Natural bridge. Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah. All Photos Courtesy: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah: We wish to thank Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia for some of the information on this page. We share information with Wikipedia. Natural Bridges National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of the Four Corners boundary of southeast Utah, in the western United States, at the junction of White Canyon and Armstrong Canyon, part of the Colorado River drainage. It features the second largest natural bridge in the world, carved from the white Permian sandstone of the Cedar Mesa Formation that gives White Canyon its name. The three bridges in the park are named Kachina, Owachomo, and Sipapu (the largest), which are all Hopi names. Sipapu Bridge is the second largest natural bridge in the world (only Rainbow Bridge in Glen Canyon is bigger). A natural bridge is formed through erosion by water flowing in the stream bed of the canyon. During periods of flash floods, particularly, the stream undercuts the walls of rock that separate the meanders (or "goosenecks") of the stream, until the rock wall within the meander is undercut and the meander is cut off; the new stream bed then flows underneath the bridge. Eventually, as erosion and gravity enlarge the bridge's opening, the natural bridge will collapse under its own weight. There is evidence of at least two collapsed natural bridges within the Monument. In 1904, the National Geographic Magazine publicized the natural bridges and the area was designated a National Monument on April 16, 1908; by President Theodore Roosevelt. It is Utah's first National Monument. The main attractions are the natural bridges, accessible from the Bridge View Drive, which winds along the park and goes by all three bridges, and by hiking trails that lead down to the bases of the bridges. There are also a campground, and a few picnic areas within the park. The natural bridges and other geologic features present on the Colorado Plateau today; were created by the natural processes of erosion. The destructive forces of wind and rain, running water, and freezing temperatures attacked the uplifts as soon as all the tectonic havoc (referring to the forces or conditions within the earth that cause movements of the crust), started in the Late Cretaceous Period (100.5�66 Ma). The Colorado Plateau has been uplifted about 12,000 feet (3,660 m) since the end of the Cretaceous Period about 66 million years ago. Note: the Potential of a bridge collapse is possible at Natural Bridges National Monument, especially along the span of Owachomo Bridge in the Armstrong Canyon. At that point the bridge is only about 9 feet (3 m) thick at the crest of its span. The Horsecollar Ruin is an Ancestral Puebloan ruin visible from an overlook a short hike from Bridge View Drive. Horsecollar Ruin was abandoned more than 700 years ago but it is in a remarkable state of preservation, including an undisturbed rectangular kiva with the original roof and interior, and two granaries with unusual oval shaped doors whose shape resembles horse collars (hence the site's name). Since we have examined such ruins all over the southwest, we can say that Horsecollar Ruin's is in remarkable condition compared to others.